Tunnel construction.



C. G. HASTINGS.

TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2. I913.

1,256,312. Patented Feb. 12,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

3:. e 1 0ol C. G. HASTINGS.

Patented Feb. 12,1918.

Q2 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 27%W I f C. G. HASTINGS.

TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED Jun-2.1913.

Patented Feb. 12,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

[HY I: will I fr sr ns 'rnivr anion.

CORNELIUS Gr.- HASTINGS, OF WEST I-IOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented F e'b; 1918;

Application fi1edtTuly='2, 1913.: SerialNo; 776,898.

To'all whom it may concern;-

' Be it known thatI, CORNELIUSG. HAST- itNos, a citizen of th'eUnitedStates, and=a resident of the city-of-lVest Hoboken', county (fHudsomand State of: New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefuImprovements in Tunnel Constructions; and I do:

hereby declare thatthe following is a full, clear,- and exactdescription of the same,- reference being-had tothe accompanying drawmgs, and to. the numerals-of reference marked thereon, whiehform'a partof this specificalion.

This invention relates to means for rapidly andeiiiciently lining atunnelduring the projection of the bore. Heretofore various means havebeen in use for constructing the walls or lining'of a tunnel, whichinvolve'a great-deal of labor and time, but by my invention the wallslorlining of the tunnel may be erected in truegeometrical form in a quickand ready mannerr It is an object of this invention to provideinter-fitting sectional blocks which may be readily assembledon'supports to form the vallsof the'tunnel and from which thesup-- ingassembly thereof and whereby said'forms maybe easily removed from theassembled block sections.

It is finally an object of this invention to afi'ord a sectional tunnelconstruction Whereby the respective sectionsare provided with integralmeansfor facilitating rapid assemply and permanent alinement of'thesame.

The invention (in a preferred form)' is illustrated inxthe'drawings, andhereinafter more 'fully described;

In thedrawings:

Figure 1; isa transverse section through a unnel under;construction,showingthe sec.- tional wall blocks embodying part ofmy'invention: in elevation andin section.-

Fig. 2ris an enlargedsection takenonrline-w 2-2 of Fig.1.

Fig.1 3- is a modification showing; double;

track tunnel sections of elliptical contour.

Fig. 4' is a diagrammatic section showing the r-elation andiconnectionexisting between adjacent forms.

Fig. 5 is a detailelevationillustrating the 5 splice bar connectionbetween adjoining sec- JOBS ofthe form.

Fig. 6 is 'a detail of a concrete block sec:- iioned at differentportions to disclose the reinforcing members.

Fig. 7 isaninner radial viewof'a reinforcing skeleton for a sectionalblock.

Fig. 8 is a side-elevation ofa part of a tunnel wallunder the course ofconstruction and shown partly in section andpartly in; 5 elevation.

Fig. 9 is a similar enlarged fragmentary view thereof.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary section similar to Fig. 2 and illustrating'amodified form of 30 block and the means of connection between adjacentones.

Fig. 11 is a perspective detail of'a channel member forming a part'ofeach block.

As shown in the drawings:

The concrete blocks or voussoirs'are' indicated by the referencenumerals 1, and 2; Each block comprises an annular segment composed ofconcrete formed about a suitable reinforcing frame. Such aframe'comprises corner angle bars 3, to which are suitably attached bybrazing or otherwise, the metallic reinforcing bars 4, and 5, respectively. A strip of foraminous material 6, such as wire mesh, extendsaround the wall of the block beneath the surface and isconnected withthe reinforcing frame, thus affording a large and etlicientbondingsurface for the concrete.

A channelmember'l', conforming to the curvature of the inner surface ofthe sectional blocks is embedded therein and the flanges thereof arestamped outwardly as indicated bythe reference characters 7 afi'ordingape rtures at points near the Webblng of sa d members, to receive theanchors 8, therein.v 'As shown, said anchor elements comprise arelatively short bar of metal with one end turned at an angle ofapproximately ninety degrees and the other end apertured to receive theattaching bolts 9, therein. The.

form upon which the concrete block sections are. assembled consists of aplurality of.

curved I-beamsections 10, the extremities of whiclrare angled to permitready taking down of the same by withdrawing said sections inwardly.Vhen in assembled relation,

said sections are connected together by means of splice bars 11, whichare apertured correspondingly with the I-beam sections to-receive theclamping bolts '12, therethrough. Each of said I-beam sections isapertured at points corresponding with the apertures in I the channelmembers 7, of the block sections,

' tache d to the I beam sections by means of the thereby adapting the.anchors 8, to be atbolts 9, and when said bolts are drawn tight,engaging in said apertures in the channel 7 and in recesses alinedtherewith in the concrete proper of the block sections. A twisted bar13, known as a spacer, having the ends thereof bent parallel oneanother, may be re-.

movably connected to adjacent. forms by 'means of removable bolts. 14,engaged in suitable apertures inthe I-beam sections.

Means are provided for'mamtaming and insuring the correct alinement ofthe adjacent block sections. This consists of a "number of sectionsofpiping 15, engaged for approximately half their respective lengthsinapertures 1n the block sections,

with a portion of each extending and pro- V jecting outwardly.- from oneside of the blocksection. Inasmuch as said block sections. 1, and 2, aresimilarly constructed, a

complementary recess is afforded on one side to recelve the pro ectingend of the i e 15 of an ad'acent sectiontherein so 7 7 ment element atthe abutting ends of the pipes 15, and also affording means facilitatingtherapid and accurate positioning of the respect ve sectionsrelative oneanother.

' Inthe modification illustrated in Fig. 10,

theblocks ar hownas built upon a frame I which is provided instead ofthe corner. v 7 angle irons'3,. ith' the Z-bars 19, thus leaving aperipheral channel in the outer surface of the tunnel wall at theintersection of ad acent blocks. Sheathing elements 20,

may be used in connection with the blocks,

either bolted together around the outer sur face ot'a blocl afte1rthesame has been inserted 1n pos1t1on, or rig dly] attached to he blockwhen the same is constructed.

It is to be noted that the corneredges of the blocksare recessed toafford a radially directed aperture 21, in the wall of the tunnel whichtogether with the channels" afforded between adjacent blocks in the Z-bar construction maybe filled with grouting to insure a sealino. of thewall atthea. abuttingfaces of the blocks.

The operation is as follows The tunnel. lining. or wall hereindescribedmay be advantageously used with" a tunnelshield by which the bore isprojected forwardly, "and, when such is the case, as for'iinstance whenthe shield'has M been advanced aeertam'amount due to the extension ottheprojecting means, the projecting means are unseatedfromthe. end of;

the completed tunnel lining and another ring of block sections placed inposition.

The forms 10, afiord a means. for building the block sectionsone uponanother in cor rect geometricalform, the anchors '8, serv- F or thepurpose off alining the respective block section rings ing to maintainthe sections in position untilthe wall has set.

or arches, the pipes 15, and rods 16, affordinga continuous andinterfitting system of dowels, are used." Thus in the projecting end ofone of the pipe sections 15, therod 16, is inserted, WhiCl1,'Clll9 tothe fact that the rod lengths andipipe lengths abut oneanother instaggered relation, projects outwardly beyond the projecting end of thepipe, thereby affording an aliningcmeans for placing the next adjacentblocksection into position upon its respective ring form.

When the. block sections of the tunnel, 1

dining have been assembled and a liGyblOCli;

17, inserted, the anchor bolts 9', are removed,' thereby permittingwithdrawal of the anchors 8, to 'free the respective form sections.

from the block sections. Likewisethe bolts 14, are removed to permit.the detachment of the spacers 13, thus disconnecting adja-v cent ringforms. The bolts 12, securing the splice bars are removed and, due'tothe angularity of the ends Ofthe form sections, the samemaybe drawninwardly, thereby with concrete as shown also in Fig.2. After theremoval of the form the channel meml2 disassembling the form. If desiredthe ring. forms and anchor bolts may be left in thebuilt upblock'ringsand the Whole covered 7,

bers and apertures in the block sectionsflare filled in with concrete,denoted by the reference numeral 18, as shown in Fig. 2.] 7 V I thespaces existing on the inner surfaces thereof filled with concrete toafford a smooth facing as the inner surface of the tunnel.

Fig. 1, shows a tunnel construction for a single track subway whereasFig. 3, illustrates a construction adapted for a double trackthoroughfare. However, the method of construction is the same in eachcase.

I am aware that details of construction may be varied through a widerange. Any desired geometrical section may be constructed, but forconvenience of illustration I have described a tunnel of circular crosssection. Other various details relating to the form and adaptation ofthe reinforcing elements and the forms or alining means may be variedthrough a wide range without departing from the spirit of thisinvention. I therefore do not purpose limiting the patent grantedotherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

1. A tunnel lining comprising a plurality of complemental blocksections, reinforcing members embedded therein, sectional forms forarranging the sections in proper geometrical relation, clamps securedtothe form sections engaging the block sections for rigidly securing theforms in place and means connecting the adjacent forms for connectingthe adjacent block sections together.

2. In a tunnel lining a plurality of sectional complemental blocks,forming means for building the same in proper geometrical form, meansintegrally associated with each of said blocks permitting clampingengagement with said forming means to hold said blocks in position, spacbars connecting adjacent forming means to reinforce and aline the same,and means permitting the removal of the forming means when therespective wall portions of the tunnel have set.

3. A tunnel lining comprising a plurality of sectional complementalconcrete blocks, a plurality of apertures extending transverselytherethrough, pipe sections inserted in apertures in adjacent blocksections to connect and aline the same, rods inserted in said pipesections to facilitate such operation and remforce the connectionbetween adjacent blocks, and collapsible forms upon of block sectionshaving channels therein, means for securing the sections together inalinement and :collapsible curved sectional forms adapted to engage insaid channels and to hold the blocks in proper assembled relation. v

5. YA tunnel construction comprising a collapsible form, a plurality ofblock sections, means securing adjacent forms rigidly together to insureproper positioning of the block sections thereon, and continuoussectional members extending longitudinally of the tunnel lining andthrough said block sections to reinforce and maintain the same in properrelation.

6. In a device of the class described the combination with a knockdownform, of blocks grooved to interfit therewith and having notchestherein, said form adapted to b set up to permit a number of blocks tobe held in position thereby to form the walls of a tunnel, and clampsadapted to be rigidly engaged to said forms and engage in said notchesto hold the forms in place. 7. In a tunnel construction, reinforcedconcrete block sections, an apertured chan nel member embedded therein,and collapsible forms adapted to be releasably anchored in said channelmembers to hold the respective blocks in proper position.

8. .A. tunnel construction embracing complemental concrete blocksections, form sections for supporting the blocks and a plurality ofclamps removably secured to each form section for clamping therespective blocks and sections in rigid relation.

9. A tunnel construction embracing complemental concrete block sections,form sections for supporting the blocks, a plurality of clamps removablysecured to each form section for clamping the respective blocks andsections in rigid relation, spacing bars for spacing the formsthe properdistance apart and tie bars for rigidly connecting the form sections.

10. A tunnel construction embracing complemental block sections providedwith apertures therethrough, interfitting sectional members adapted tobe inserted in said apertures to aline the blocks, a form section foreach block, members for clamping the block and form section together andmeans for rigidly connecting adjacent form sections.

11. In a device of the class described sectional forms, block sectionsadapted to interfit therewith, means for clamping the forms directly tothe respective block sections and means for connecting the form sectionslongitudinally and transversely to form a rigid structure.

12. In a device of the class described sectional forms, block sectionsadapted to interfit therewith, means for clamping the 1 ing the sameforms directly to the'respective block secsubscribed my name in thepresence of two 7 tions,-meansfcr connecting the form secsubscribingWitnesses. ti'ons longitudinally and transversely [to form a rigidstructure, and members extending through the block sections for alin-WVitnesses:

' WILBUR L. BALL,

V *ln'testimony whereof I have hereuni'o A;G. MCCABE.

" CORNELIUS G;jrmsrmcrs; i

Copies of-this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissigner of Patents,;

Washington, D. G.

